{"id":18419,"date":"2023-01-12T03:45:48","date_gmt":"2023-01-12T08:45:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/?page_id=18419"},"modified":"2024-01-15T19:12:43","modified_gmt":"2024-01-16T00:12:43","slug":"mohsen-kadivar-english-website","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/","title":{"rendered":"Home"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"18419\" class=\"elementor elementor-18419\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1cf2c0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c1cf2c0\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3398f98 e-con-full elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3398f98\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e1fa3d animated-slow elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1e1fa3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 25-04-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"222\" height=\"224\" src=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/16@2x.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-17532\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/16@2x.png 222w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/16@2x-110x111.png 110w, 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1063d25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"1063d25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"> 26th April 2024 <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0de08de elementor-shape-square elementor-grid-3 elementor-grid-mobile-0 e-grid-align-center elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-social-icons\" data-id=\"0de08de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"social-icons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 25-04-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-social-icons.elementor-grid-0 .elementor-widget-container,.elementor-widget-social-icons.elementor-grid-mobile-0 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elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-youtube elementor-repeater-item-8522c1d\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Youtube<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-youtube\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-telegram elementor-repeater-item-eeebaf9\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Telegram<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-telegram\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-instagram elementor-repeater-item-f91adc7\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Instagram<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab 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tag-palestine\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fe27f9 e-flex e-con-boxed elementor-invisible e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6fe27f9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-208e9ac e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"208e9ac\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76c63c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"76c63c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2024\/04\/22\/duke-university-academics-and-staff-for-justice-in-palestine-stands-with-gaza-solidarity-encampments\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"571\" height=\"571\" src=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/DUKE-UNIVERSITY-ACADEMICS-AND-STAFF-FOR-JUSTICE-IN-PALESTINE-STANDS-WITH-GAZA-SOLIDARITY-ENCAMPMENTS-1-571x571.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-18793\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/DUKE-UNIVERSITY-ACADEMICS-AND-STAFF-FOR-JUSTICE-IN-PALESTINE-STANDS-WITH-GAZA-SOLIDARITY-ENCAMPMENTS-1-571x571.jpg 571w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/DUKE-UNIVERSITY-ACADEMICS-AND-STAFF-FOR-JUSTICE-IN-PALESTINE-STANDS-WITH-GAZA-SOLIDARITY-ENCAMPMENTS-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/DUKE-UNIVERSITY-ACADEMICS-AND-STAFF-FOR-JUSTICE-IN-PALESTINE-STANDS-WITH-GAZA-SOLIDARITY-ENCAMPMENTS-1-110x110.jpg 110w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/DUKE-UNIVERSITY-ACADEMICS-AND-STAFF-FOR-JUSTICE-IN-PALESTINE-STANDS-WITH-GAZA-SOLIDARITY-ENCAMPMENTS-1.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 571px) 100vw, 571px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3adcd0d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3adcd0d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5f1d91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c5f1d91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 25-04-2024 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2024\/04\/22\/duke-university-academics-and-staff-for-justice-in-palestine-stands-with-gaza-solidarity-encampments\/\">Duke University Academics and Staff for Justice in Palestine Stands with Gaza Solidarity Encampments<\/a><\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-faf65f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-excerpt\" data-id=\"faf65f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-excerpt.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\tWe insist that universities and colleges allow all community members including students to freely express their ideas and opinions rather than actively repress them; demilitarize our campuses and refrain from militarizing and policing them further; outline a policy for the future protection of speech, including and especially dissent; take seriously campus demands that universities and colleges divest from companies supporting the military-industrial complex and Israeli state violence, genocide, apartheid, and occupation; and\ntake seriously campus demands that universities and colleges boycott Israeli institutions through the BDS campaign. \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8efe98e elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"8efe98e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor\/assets\/css\/widget-icon-list.min.css\"><link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor-pro\/assets\/css\/widget-theme-elements.min.css\">\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-ceee97e elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2024\/04\/22\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>April 22, 2024<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article id=\"post-18771\" class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-18771 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-articles tag-cohabitation tag-consent tag-contract tag-marriage tag-verbal-formula\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop\" data-elementor-id=\"18530\" class=\"elementor elementor-18530 post-18771 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-articles tag-cohabitation tag-consent tag-contract tag-marriage tag-verbal-formula\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fe27f9 e-flex e-con-boxed elementor-invisible e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6fe27f9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-208e9ac e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"208e9ac\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76c63c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"76c63c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/12\/12\/the-institution-of-marriage-in-islam\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"571\" height=\"856\" src=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/pb-571x856.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-18772\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/pb-571x856.webp 571w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/pb-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/pb-90x135.webp 90w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/pb.webp 907w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 571px) 100vw, 571px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3adcd0d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3adcd0d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5f1d91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c5f1d91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/12\/12\/the-institution-of-marriage-in-islam\/\">The Institution of Marriage in Islam<\/a><\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-faf65f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-excerpt\" data-id=\"faf65f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-excerpt.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\tThe pillars of a legitimate marriage in Islam between two adult males and females are two: clear consent of the two parties themselves for marriage and binding an agreement so that they become husband and wife. \u2018Non-verbal conventional marriage\u2019 is a legitimate marriage because both pillars of marriage were observed in it. A written marriage contract and especially its submission in a legal center for marriage is closer to caution for a time of frequent disagreement. The Western style of partnership \u2018cohabitation\u2019 is not necessarily equivalent to non-verbal conventional marriage. \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8efe98e elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"8efe98e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-ceee97e elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/12\/12\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>December 12, 2023<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article id=\"post-18767\" class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-18767 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-courses tag-ujjat-allah-al-baligha tag-lamaat tag-mysticism tag-naqshbandi tag-sataat tag-shah-waliullah tag-sufism\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop\" data-elementor-id=\"18530\" class=\"elementor elementor-18530 post-18767 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-courses tag-ujjat-allah-al-baligha tag-lamaat tag-mysticism tag-naqshbandi tag-sataat tag-shah-waliullah tag-sufism\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fe27f9 e-flex e-con-boxed elementor-invisible e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6fe27f9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-208e9ac e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"208e9ac\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76c63c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"76c63c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/12\/12\/philosophy-of-shah-wali-allah\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"571\" height=\"860\" src=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Cover-Final-Conclusive-argument-from-God-571x860.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-18768\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Cover-Final-Conclusive-argument-from-God-571x860.jpg 571w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Cover-Final-Conclusive-argument-from-God-199x300.jpg 199w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Cover-Final-Conclusive-argument-from-God-90x135.jpg 90w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Cover-Final-Conclusive-argument-from-God-1019x1536.jpg 1019w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Cover-Final-Conclusive-argument-from-God-1359x2048.jpg 1359w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Cover-Final-Conclusive-argument-from-God-scaled.jpg 1699w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 571px) 100vw, 571px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3adcd0d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3adcd0d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5f1d91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c5f1d91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/12\/12\/philosophy-of-shah-wali-allah\/\">Philosophy of Shah Wali Allah<\/a><\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-faf65f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-excerpt\" data-id=\"faf65f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-excerpt.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\tShah Waliullah Dehlavi (1703-1762) was an Indian theologian, Sufi of the Naqshbandi order, and promulgator of modern Islamic thought who first attempted to reassess Islamic theology in the light of modern changes. This course explores his philosophy, including the philosophy of religion, theology, and mysticism. We focus on a critical analysis of three of his masterworks that were translated into English and discuss his major principles and key terms in theoretical mysticism: \u1e24ujjat All\u0101h al-B\u0101ligha (The Conclusive Argument from God), and The Lama\u1e25\u0101t (Flashes\/Glimpses of Philosophy), and The Sata\u02bfat (Illuminations).\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8efe98e elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"8efe98e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-ceee97e elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/12\/12\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>December 12, 2023<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article id=\"post-18741\" class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-18741 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-articles tag-al-hussain-b-ali tag-ali-ibn-abi-talib tag-appointed-leader tag-ayatollah-khomeini tag-constitutional-state tag-elective-ruler tag-guardianship-of-the-jurists tag-imamate tag-islamic-republic tag-justice tag-shiite-sultan tag-unjust-ruler\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop\" data-elementor-id=\"18530\" class=\"elementor elementor-18530 post-18741 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-articles tag-al-hussain-b-ali tag-ali-ibn-abi-talib tag-appointed-leader tag-ayatollah-khomeini tag-constitutional-state tag-elective-ruler tag-guardianship-of-the-jurists tag-imamate tag-islamic-republic tag-justice tag-shiite-sultan tag-unjust-ruler\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fe27f9 e-flex e-con-boxed elementor-invisible e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6fe27f9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-208e9ac e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"208e9ac\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76c63c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"76c63c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/12\/03\/an-analysis-of-shiite-political-thought\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"571\" height=\"877\" src=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Screenshot-2023-12-03-at-9.22.11-AM-571x877.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-18742\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Screenshot-2023-12-03-at-9.22.11-AM-571x877.png 571w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Screenshot-2023-12-03-at-9.22.11-AM-195x300.png 195w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Screenshot-2023-12-03-at-9.22.11-AM-88x135.png 88w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Screenshot-2023-12-03-at-9.22.11-AM.png 888w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 571px) 100vw, 571px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3adcd0d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3adcd0d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5f1d91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c5f1d91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/12\/03\/an-analysis-of-shiite-political-thought\/\">An Analysis of Shi\u2019ite Political Thought<\/a><\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-faf65f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-excerpt\" data-id=\"faf65f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-excerpt.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\tImam Ali recognized the mutual rights of the ruler and ruled, the sanctity of contracts, especially with the enemy, and freedom of speech as the cornerstones of Shite political philosophy. Understanding Shi\u2019ite political thought is impossible without considering the doctrine of justice and its consequences such as the right to an uprising against unjust rulers, which is crystallized in Imam al-Hussein b. Ali\u2019s maxims and teachings. Ayatollah Khomeini\u2019s political theory is in the absolute minority not only in the history of Shi\u2019ite fiqh but also in contemporary Shi\u2019ite fiqh.\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8efe98e elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"8efe98e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-ceee97e elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/12\/03\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>December 3, 2023<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article id=\"post-18738\" class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-18738 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-courses tag-interpretation tag-islamic-scripture tag-quran tag-revelation tag-understanding tag-words-of-god\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop\" data-elementor-id=\"18530\" class=\"elementor elementor-18530 post-18738 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-courses tag-interpretation tag-islamic-scripture tag-quran tag-revelation tag-understanding tag-words-of-god\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fe27f9 e-flex e-con-boxed elementor-invisible e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6fe27f9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-208e9ac e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"208e9ac\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76c63c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"76c63c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/12\/02\/understanding-the-quran\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"571\" height=\"444\" src=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Poster-REl-370S-571x444.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-18739\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Poster-REl-370S-571x444.png 571w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Poster-REl-370S-386x300.png 386w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Poster-REl-370S-110x86.png 110w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Poster-REl-370S.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 571px) 100vw, 571px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3adcd0d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3adcd0d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5f1d91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c5f1d91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/12\/02\/understanding-the-quran\/\">Understanding the Qur&#8217;an<\/a><\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-faf65f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-excerpt\" data-id=\"faf65f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-excerpt.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\tThe Spring 2024 course explores the history of revelation or words of God in Islam; the formation of the Qur\u2019an as a book; its interpretation from medieval to modern times; its major themes; how the Qur\u2019an introduces itself: the book of guidance, and virtues; the question of translatability; teaching the Qur'an as religious literature from a neutral viewpoint that could be understood from a secular\/non-theological perspective; the lessons one might apply from literary criticism, biblical studies, and historical methodology; and its message for human beings in the contemporary world.\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8efe98e elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"8efe98e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-ceee97e elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/12\/02\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>December 2, 2023<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article id=\"post-18735\" class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-18735 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-courses tag-evil tag-god tag-meaning-of-life tag-omnibenevolence tag-omnipotence tag-omniscience tag-sin tag-suffering tag-theodicy\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop\" data-elementor-id=\"18530\" class=\"elementor elementor-18530 post-18735 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-courses tag-evil tag-god tag-meaning-of-life tag-omnibenevolence tag-omnipotence tag-omniscience tag-sin tag-suffering tag-theodicy\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fe27f9 e-flex e-con-boxed elementor-invisible e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6fe27f9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-208e9ac e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"208e9ac\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76c63c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"76c63c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/12\/02\/the-problem-of-evil-2\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"571\" height=\"737\" src=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Poster-REL-401-571x737.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-18736\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Poster-REL-401-571x737.jpg 571w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Poster-REL-401-232x300.jpg 232w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Poster-REL-401-105x135.jpg 105w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Poster-REL-401.jpg 739w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 571px) 100vw, 571px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3adcd0d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3adcd0d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5f1d91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c5f1d91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/12\/02\/the-problem-of-evil-2\/\">The Problem of Evil<\/a><\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-faf65f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-excerpt\" data-id=\"faf65f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-excerpt.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\tThe 2024 course explores the key concepts and major issues of the problem of evil and its three types of responses. \u2018The problem of evil\u2019 as the challenge of reconciling the existence of a perfect being (Omnipotent, Omniscient, and omnibenevolent God) with the existence of evil, suffering, and sin has been one of the greatest intellectual problems. The epistemic question posed by evil is whether the world contains undesirable states of affairs that provide the basis for an argument that makes it unreasonable to believe in the existence of God.\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8efe98e elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"8efe98e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-ceee97e elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/12\/02\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>December 2, 2023<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article id=\"post-18784\" class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-18784 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-interviews tag-classical-studies tag-gillespie tag-islam tag-modernity tag-theology\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop\" data-elementor-id=\"18530\" class=\"elementor elementor-18530 post-18784 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-interviews tag-classical-studies tag-gillespie tag-islam tag-modernity tag-theology\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fe27f9 e-flex e-con-boxed elementor-invisible e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6fe27f9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-208e9ac e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"208e9ac\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76c63c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"76c63c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/12\/01\/islam-and-modernity\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"571\" height=\"739\" src=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Islam-and-modernity-102023-571x739.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-18785\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Islam-and-modernity-102023-571x739.png 571w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Islam-and-modernity-102023-232x300.png 232w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Islam-and-modernity-102023-104x135.png 104w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Islam-and-modernity-102023-1187x1536.png 1187w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Islam-and-modernity-102023.png 1545w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 571px) 100vw, 571px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3adcd0d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3adcd0d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5f1d91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c5f1d91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/12\/01\/islam-and-modernity\/\">Islam and Modernity<\/a><\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-faf65f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-excerpt\" data-id=\"faf65f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-excerpt.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\tCrossroads: Islam and the Theological Origins of Modernity. Transformative Ideas: A Dialogue between Michael A. Gillespie (Professor of Political Science) and Mohsen Kadivar (Research Professor in the Department of Religious Studies): How did Western Europe arrive at modernity? Islam\u2019s perspective on modernity, including what philosophical movements responded to nominalism and modernity on a theological level, and how Islamic societies and peoples have more broadly responded. How Western and Islamic perspectives are coming into closer contact, particularly with immigration to Western Europe and the global human rights framework that has arisen. \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8efe98e elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"8efe98e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-ceee97e elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/12\/01\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>December 1, 2023<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article id=\"post-18722\" class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-18722 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-letters tag-apartheid tag-ceasefire tag-colonialism tag-freedom tag-gaza tag-justice tag-occupation tag-palestine tag-west-bank\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop\" data-elementor-id=\"18530\" class=\"elementor elementor-18530 post-18722 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-letters tag-apartheid tag-ceasefire tag-colonialism tag-freedom tag-gaza tag-justice tag-occupation tag-palestine tag-west-bank\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fe27f9 e-flex e-con-boxed elementor-invisible e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6fe27f9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-208e9ac e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"208e9ac\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76c63c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"76c63c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/10\/31\/statement-on-palestine\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"571\" height=\"428\" src=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Gaza-571x428.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-18723\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Gaza-571x428.webp 571w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Gaza-400x300.webp 400w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Gaza-110x83.webp 110w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Gaza.webp 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 571px) 100vw, 571px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3adcd0d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3adcd0d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5f1d91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c5f1d91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/10\/31\/statement-on-palestine\/\">Statement on Palestine<\/a><\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-faf65f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-excerpt\" data-id=\"faf65f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-excerpt.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\tThe atrocities we have witnessed on and after October 7th did not happen in a vacuum. We condemn the brutal and inhumane attacks against civilian lives and call for an immediate ceasefire. The situation is a crime against humanity and an ethnic cleansing. The Duke University Faculty for Justice stands in solidarity with those fighting for anti-colonial liberation, including the freedom struggle in Palestine. Over two million people, nearly half of whom are children, have been entrapped in an open-air prison, given very little freedom of movement in and out. \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8efe98e elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"8efe98e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-ceee97e elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/10\/31\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>October 31, 2023<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article id=\"post-18714\" class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-18714 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-courses tag-al-gazali tag-avicenna tag-ibn-tufail tag-islamic-myticism tag-islamic-philosophy tag-mulla-sadra tag-sufism tag-suhrawardi tag-symbolism\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop\" data-elementor-id=\"18530\" class=\"elementor elementor-18530 post-18714 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-courses tag-al-gazali tag-avicenna tag-ibn-tufail tag-islamic-myticism tag-islamic-philosophy tag-mulla-sadra tag-sufism tag-suhrawardi tag-symbolism\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fe27f9 e-flex e-con-boxed elementor-invisible e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6fe27f9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-208e9ac e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"208e9ac\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76c63c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"76c63c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/07\/03\/islamic-philosophy-and-mysticism-sufis-approach-to-philosophy\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"551\" height=\"425\" src=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/REL-665S.-poster.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-18715\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/REL-665S.-poster.jpg 551w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/REL-665S.-poster-389x300.jpg 389w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/REL-665S.-poster-110x85.jpg 110w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 551px) 100vw, 551px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3adcd0d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3adcd0d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5f1d91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c5f1d91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/07\/03\/islamic-philosophy-and-mysticism-sufis-approach-to-philosophy\/\">Islamic Philosophy and Mysticism (Sufi\u2019s Approach to Philosophy)<\/a><\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-faf65f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-excerpt\" data-id=\"faf65f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-excerpt.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\tThis course focuses on Sufi\u2019s approach to philosophy, especially on the Philosophy of Illumination of Suhrawardi and The Transcendent Philosophy of Mulla Sadra. The course starts with an introduction to the philosophy of Suhrawardi, and Mulla Sadra as well as the mystical works of Avicenna, al-Gazali, and Ibn Tufail. The main body of the course is studying and analyzing symbolic and mystical recitals of Avicenna, Suhrawardi, Gazali, Ibn Tufail, and others. We try to examine the key themes of philosophy, Sufism, and philosophical Sufism through these symbolic and mystical recitals.\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8efe98e elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"8efe98e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-ceee97e elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/07\/03\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>July 3, 2023<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article id=\"post-18709\" class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-18709 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-courses tag-ethics-of-war-and-peace tag-islamic-ethics tag-islamic-law tag-rights-of-minority tag-rights-of-women tag-sharia-2\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop\" data-elementor-id=\"18530\" class=\"elementor elementor-18530 post-18709 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-courses tag-ethics-of-war-and-peace tag-islamic-ethics tag-islamic-law tag-rights-of-minority tag-rights-of-women tag-sharia-2\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fe27f9 e-flex e-con-boxed elementor-invisible e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6fe27f9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-208e9ac e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"208e9ac\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76c63c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"76c63c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/07\/03\/muslim-ethics-and-islamic-law\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"571\" height=\"439\" src=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/REL-388S-poster-571x439.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-18710\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/REL-388S-poster-571x439.jpg 571w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/REL-388S-poster-390x300.jpg 390w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/REL-388S-poster-110x85.jpg 110w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/REL-388S-poster.jpg 671w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 571px) 100vw, 571px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3adcd0d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3adcd0d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5f1d91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c5f1d91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/07\/03\/muslim-ethics-and-islamic-law\/\">MUSLIM ETHICS AND ISLAMIC LAW<\/a><\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-faf65f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-excerpt\" data-id=\"faf65f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-excerpt.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\tUnderstanding the shari\u2018a is key to understanding the Islamic tradition. The ethical debates impact policy questions ranging from gender, democratic citizenship, technology, and sexual violence to matters related to the ethics of war and peace. We will be attentive to the confluence of various discourses: history, politics, and anthropology in dialogue with the interpretative regimes of Islamic discourses. Ethics provide maps of the histories of interpretative communities and allow us to identify the various typologies as well as trajectories of the Muslim subject in the present and the past. \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8efe98e elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"8efe98e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-ceee97e elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/07\/03\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>July 3, 2023<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-pagination\" role=\"navigation\" aria-label=\"Pagination\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"page-numbers prev\">&laquo; Previous<\/span>\n<span aria-current=\"page\" class=\"page-numbers current\"><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Page<\/span>1<\/span>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18419\/page\/2\/\"><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Page<\/span>2<\/a>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18419\/page\/3\/\"><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Page<\/span>3<\/a>\n<span class=\"page-numbers dots\">&hellip;<\/span>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18419\/page\/19\/\"><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Page<\/span>19<\/a>\n<a class=\"page-numbers next\" href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18419\/page\/2\/\">Next &raquo;<\/a>\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3af9278\" data-id=\"3af9278\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f185498 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f185498\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"571\" height=\"714\" src=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/mohsenkadivar2019-571x714.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-18471\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/mohsenkadivar2019-571x714.webp 571w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/mohsenkadivar2019-240x300.webp 240w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/mohsenkadivar2019-108x135.webp 108w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/mohsenkadivar2019-1229x1536.webp 1229w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/mohsenkadivar2019-1638x2048.webp 1638w, https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/mohsenkadivar2019.webp 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 571px) 100vw, 571px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2cf69ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2cf69ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 25-04-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<h5>Latest important posts<\/h5><ul><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/12\/12\/the-institution-of-marriage-in-islam\/\">The Institution of Marriage in Islam<\/a><\/strong><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/12\/03\/an-analysis-of-shiite-political-thought\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">An Analysis of Shi&#8217;ite Political Thought<\/a><\/strong><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/12\/01\/islam-and-modernity\/\">Islam and Modernity<\/a><\/strong><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/10\/31\/statement-on-palestine\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Statement on Palestine<\/a><\/strong><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/01\/07\/islam-and-the-state-from-a-shiite-perspective\/\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/01\/07\/islam-and-the-state-from-a-shiite-perspective\/&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1673338198522000&amp;usg=AOvVaw0wdAy61WdLGHWubVkRwcBu\">Islam and the State from a Shi\u2019ite perspective<\/a><\/strong><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/01\/07\/rethinking-muslim-marriage-rulings-through-structural-ijtihad\/\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/01\/07\/rethinking-muslim-marriage-rulings-through-structural-ijtihad\/&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1673338198522000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1KufIj89-A3HFe45Cw5OOm\">Rethinking Muslim Marriage Rulings through Structural Ijtihad<\/a><\/strong><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/01\/07\/free-speech-and-critique-of-religion-in-contemporary-islam\/\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2023\/01\/07\/free-speech-and-critique-of-religion-in-contemporary-islam\/&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1673338198522000&amp;usg=AOvVaw38jAbVDzH92yglEBpv7oQL\">Free Speech and Critique of Religion in Contemporary Islam<\/a><\/strong><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2021\/03\/22\/genealogies-of-pluralism-in-islamic-thought-shia-perspective\/\">Genealogies of Pluralism in Islamic Thought: Shi\u2018a Perspective<\/a><\/strong><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2020\/08\/05\/human-rights-and-reformist-islam\/\">Human Rights and Reformist Islam<\/a><\/strong><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/english.kadivar.com\/2020\/08\/03\/blasphemy-and-apostasy-in-islam\/\">Blasphemy and Apostasy in Islam: Debates on Shi\u2019a Jurisprudence<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-204cbed 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