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Mullā Muhammad Kāzim Khurāsānī (1839-1911), also known as Ākhund Khurāsānī (the cleric from Khurāsān), is one of the most outstanding scholars of the world of Islam in recent century. Over one thousand jurisprudents (mujtahids) have been trained in his classes in Holy city of Najaf. His book Kifāya al-Usūl has so far been the most reliable book in principles of jurisprudence (usūl al-fiqh) in the Shi‘ite seminary schools and the most important course book in this area. Khurāsānī has proposed a number of new and innovative opinions and initiatives on…

  Introduction An important issue of Islam today is “The Rights of non-Muslims in Islamic Societies”. The origin of the problem is that there is a direct relationship between the rights of people in one side and their religion and political situation towards the Muslims on the other side in Islamic Jurisprudence (Shari’ah). The above means that from the first point of view - meaning religion - we face three different kinds of rights: First, the rights of the Muslims; Second, the rights of the followers of ones adherent to…

Introduction  1.Modernity is such a dominant culture of the day that has influenced all cultures and sub-cultures in a way. Although modernity in one sense contains the greatest human achievements and has made changes which have embraced all the angles of human societies, to the extent that it has now turned to a turning point in all man's individual as well as collective affairs ; but this does not mean that modernity is to be considered as the ideal goal or supreme virtue, taking it as a measure to evaluate…

  Abstract Religion, in particular among the cultural components, is one of the most influential factors in determining the extent of public and private spheres. Religions descending from Abraham (i.e. Judaism, Christianity and Islam) give rise to the human identity, through emphasis on the private life of the individual. What is the extent of privacy in the Islamic point of view? Does private sphere change, or perhaps shrink, in a society that is in accord with shari’a (Islamic rules)? Although the bases for distinction between public and private spheres are…

This paper is published in ‘Islamic Views on Human Rights Viewpoints of Iranian scholars ‘ by ‘Organization for Islamic Culture and Communications, Directorate of research education, Center for culture ...