Reviews

Fazili ,Yousra Y.; Between Mullahs’ Robes and Absolutism: Conservatism in Iran; SAIS Review of International affairs, Vol. 30, No.1, Winter-Spring 2010, The Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 51-53. Abstract The contested 2009 presidential elections revealed deep divisions among Iran’s ruling elite at a political and clerical level, calling into question what a society governed by jurists and Islamic law truly means. As the leadership attempts to maintain its tenuous hold on power while suppressing a popular reformist movement, the question remains: How to resolve the tension between divine law and...

  Hardy, the Muslim Revolt, a Journey through Political Islam; (Colombia University Press, NY 2010); pp. 54-55 (pdf).

  "WIlAYAT AL-FAQIH"  Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World; Vol. 3, pp. 288-290.  

  "ISLAMIC STATE"  Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World; Vol. 3, pp. 288-290.  

Akhavi, Shahrokh; the Middle East, the Politics of the Sacred and Secular; (Zed Books, New York, 2009); chap 6: the State & chap 7: Conclusion; pp. 230-233 & 245.  

Amir Arjomand, Said; After Khomeini, Iran under his Successors; (Oxford University Press, 2009); chap 2: Dual Leadership and Constitutional Developments after Khomieni & chap 5: the Rise and the Fall of President Khatami and the Reform a movement; pp. 52-54, 76, 94, 108.

    "KADIVAR, MOHSEN"  Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World; Vol. 3, pp. 288-290  

  Hashemi, Nader; Islam, Secularism and Liberal Democracy, Toward a Democratic Theory for Muslim Society; (Oxford University Press, 2009); chap 3: A Concise Anatomy of Secularism: Examining Its Linkages to Liberal Democracy, p. 101.

  Adib-Moghaddam, Arshin; Iran in World Politics, the Question of Islamic Republic; (Colombia University press, New York, 2008); part IV: Iran’s Pluralistic Momentum and the Future of Iranian Democracy, pp.161 & 168.

  Hunter, Shireen T. (editor); Reformist voices of Islam: mediating Islam and modernity (pdf); (Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 2009); chapter one: Islamic Reformist Discourse in Iran, Proponents and Prospects; PP. 57-68: Islamic Revolution: Impact on Islamic Reformist Thinking, Reformist Clerics.